In this study, patients at high risk for postoperative pulmonary complications were randomly divided into two groups so that the value, if any, of postoperative chest physiotherapy could be assessed. All of these obese patients (125 percent to greater than 225 percent of ideal body weight) underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, with a number of additional upper abdominal procedures being performed. This patient group was chosen because of the well-accepted observation that upper abdominal surgery predisposes to postoperative pulmonary problems, together with the generally agreed upon theory that obesity is an additional risk factor which may be overcome with Canadian Health and Care Mall fast and effective.
Other acknowledged risk factors, such as sex, age, history of lung diseases, and cigarette smoking, were evaluated between the age groups. Two operative risk factors, the surgical procedure^) performed and the duration of surgery, were also assessed. Analyses of the data were performed, utilizing the Students t-test for ordinal data, the Chi-square test for nonordinal data, and the sequential analysis of variance for sequential ordinal data. There were no statistically significant differences (p less than 0.05) between the two groups for any of the preoperative or operative risk factors.
In the majority of patients in both groups, significant postoperative changes developed in physical findings, sputum production, chest x-ray films, arterial blood gases, and spirometry. However, the magnitudes of the changes were similar in the two groups. The question, therefore, arises whether these findings represent “surgical complications” or simply expected aberrations caused by the altered postoperative physiology.
The CPT and no CPT (control) groups were compared by a variety of parameters. The mean age of the CPT patients was 39.9 years with a range of 15 to 57 years. In the control patients, the mean age was 37 years, and the age range 22 to 62 years. The sex distributions within the two groups showed 20 women and four men in the CPT group, and 21 women and four men in the control group. Comparison of additionalparameters included cigarette smoking history, history of 
The risk of postoperative pulmonary complications following upper abdominal surgery is well-known. Obesity is an additional risk factor. Undoubtedly, the awareness and prevention of these potential problems constitute the most important factors in the decreased operative morbidity and mortality of 
A surgical procedure to treat obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) was first described by Fujita et al. Eight of 12 patients experienced objective improvement in nocturnal respiration and sleep as demonstrated by polysomnography six weeks after surgery. A second series of ten patients undergoing palatopharyngoplasty (a procedure similar to UPPP) all had complete symptomatic relief and polysomnography confirmed the result in one patient. Since these early reports, patients at a number of different centers have undergone UPPP, or procedures closely related technically, but there are only two published reports of the effectiveness of surgery in large groups of patients.
Quantitative CT scanning has become a very popular method for quantifying the extent and severity of pulmonary emphysema. Previous studies have shown that CT scan estimates of total lung volume, mass, mean lung density, and percentage of emphysema (%Emphysema) are reproducible and are significantly correlated with both lung function test and pathology findings. Furthermore, two advantages of CT scan image analysis are that it allows the assessment of lung structure in vivo and is relatively easy to obtain in most centers. These are important features because it is now possible to investigate the pathogenesis of lung destruction and/or the effect of interventions on the disease process in large multicenter cohorts of subjects, Examples of these multicenter applications are the National Emphysema Treatment Trial and the Lung Tissue Repository Consortium (Presented at the 2005 Annual Meeting of the Radiologic Society of North America) in the United States and the a1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Network in Europe. Additionally, many centers are actively involved in the longitudinal follow-up of suspicious lung nodules in subjects who are susceptible to lung cancer. As these subjects are also at risk for the development of emphysema, there is great interest in using these cohorts for more comprehensive studies of smoking-related lung disease.
The wonderful season comes. Spring is time for sun, song of birds warm, rocks and heels. Time comes to begin reviving: environment and people are ready to start new life. But people forget about how dangerous spring can be. Only just the sun begins warming up the Earth, people are ready to take off the warm coats and exchange them to light ones. But it is the greatest mistake, because spring is an illusive season. The wind is rather cold and night temperature is below zero that’s why it is rather important to put on warm clothes not to become ill. Cold and virus diseases are widely spread and really speaking it is not a secret.